British Indian Ocean Territory

The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is a British Overseas Territory that includes Diego Garcia and several smaller islands. Established in 1965, BIOT was created to support a military base on Diego Garcia, which is strategically located in the Indian Ocean.

The territory consists of about 55 small islands and covers approximately 60 square kilometers, with Diego Garcia being the largest and most significant island. The area is known for its coral reefs and diverse marine life.

Historically, these islands were part of Mauritius but were separated when Mauritius gained independence in 1968. The establishment of the military base led to the forced relocation of the Chagossian people, the indigenous inhabitants, resulting in ongoing legal and human rights disputes.

The economy of BIOT primarily revolves around the military presence, with limited civilian activities. Fishing and tourism are restricted due to the military's control over the territory.

The environment is ecologically significant, with conservation efforts in place to protect its biodiversity despite concerns regarding the impact of military operations.